Western & Northwestern Silviculture and Forest Ecology Bundle

Enjoy this curated set of on-demand presentations that captures silviculture and forest ecology within the western & northwestern North America. This bundle will be updated as new content becomes available.

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Presentations

2016

Forest Responses to Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization across Common Inland Northwest Parent Materials - Andrew Nelson, University of Idaho

Effects of Chemical Vegetation Control on Understory Community Dynamics in Douglas-fir Plantations - Maxwell Wightman, Oregon State University

Southwestern White Pine Seedling Tolerances to a Changing Climate: Early Results from Common Gardens - Jessica DaBell, Northern Arizona University

Challenges and Opportunities for Maintaining Ponderosa Pine Forests in the Southwestern U.S - Thomas Kolb, Northern Arizona University

Can Past Silvicultural Treatments Build Resistance and Resilience to a Spruce Beetle Epidemic? - Marcella Windmuller-Campione, Utah State University

Surviving Against the Odds: A Silvicultural Approach to Monterey Pine Regeneration and Pitch Canker - Tori Norville, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo

2017

Site-level Factors Determining Post-fire Conifer Regeneration in Eastern Oregon - Angela Boag, University of Colorado Boulder

What Have We Learned from the Last Decade’s Research about Drought-induced Tree Mortality in the Southwest? - Thomas Kolb, Northern Arizona University

Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Statewide Forest Management Plan - Jason Parke; Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks

Black Bear Damage to Northwestern Conifers in California: A Review - Kenneth Fulgham, Humboldt State, Forestry & Wildland Resources Department

2018

Physiology and Growth of Redwood and Douglas-fir Seedlings Planted After Variable Density Retention - Lucy Kerhoulas, Humboldt State University

Response of Improved Western Larch Clones to Site Quality and Climate - Kelsie Grover, University of Idaho

2019

Conifer Retention Levels and Hardwood Control Affect Harvest Volume and Carbon Storage in Douglas-fir/Tanoak - Pascal Berrill, University of Maine

Diversity in Restored Western White Pine-Dominated Forests of the Northern Rocky Mountains - Brooke Durnin, University of Idaho

Shifts in Douglas-fir Vertical Distribution of Foliage in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in Western Oregon - Jacob Putney - Oregon State University

2020

Investigating Provenance Variation of Drought Adaptive Traits in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Using Common Garden Studies - Aalap Dixit; Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry

2021

Impacts of Forest Disturbance on Evapotranspiration and Source Water Appropriation in a Coastal Montane Forest - Salli Dymond, University of Minnesota Duluth, UMN Institute on the Environment

Aspen Decline in Northern Arizona: What Is Limiting Successful Regeneration and Recruitment? - Connor Crouch, Northern Arizona University

2022 

Dendroclimatic Analysis of Sierra Nevada Mixed Conifer Species in Different Diameter Classes - Sophan Chhin, West Virginia University

Intraspecific Roots Trait Variability of Western Larch (Larix occidentalis) Seedlings in Response to Drought - Vovener de Verlands Edmond, University of Idaho

Burn Severity in Mexican Spotted Owl PACs and Potential Habitat across the American Southwest - Michael Daugherty, Northern Arizona University

Facilitating Artificial Regeneration of Hemiparasitic ʻIliahi, Hawaiian Sandalwood (Santalum paniculatum) - Emily Thyroff, University of Hawai'i

2023

Monitoring Targets and Triggers: North Yuba CFLRP - Kristen Wilson, The Nature Conservancy, Worldwide Office - CA

Got Seeds? Strengthening the Reforestation Pipeline in the Western United States - Matthew Aghai, Mast Reforestation - Seattle, WA

Protecting Beaver and Restoring Wetlands: The Ksik Stakii Project - Joshua Smith, Heritage Forestry and Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; and Termaine Edmo, Blackfeet Environmental Office

Utilizing FVS Growth Predictions for Restoration and Management of California Forests - Katherine Wood, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education

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2016
Forest Responses to Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization across Common Inland Northwest Parent Materials
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Nitrogen fertilization of Inland Northwest forests can increase growth, but also mortality on sites low in potassium availability. This presentation will focus on trends in growth and mortality over a ten year period after fertilization with different rates of nitrogen and potassium, across common parent materials. Presented by Andrew Nelson, University of Idaho
Effects of Chemical Vegetation Control on Understory Community Dynamics in Douglas-fir Plantations
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Across seven sites in the Pacific Northwest we found that understory biodiversity and abundance was restored four years after chemical vegetation management treatments. A discussion by species growth habit is provided. Presented by Maxwell Wightman, Oregon State University
Southwestern White Pine Seedling Tolerances to a Changing Climate: Early Results from Common Gardens
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Pinus strobiformis is dually threatened by a non-native fungal pathogen and climate change. We aim to discover the geographic pattern and amount of genetic variation in potentially adaptive traits. We are presenting results from the early measurements of seedlings from 26 populations in 3 common gardens across an elevational gradient. Presented by Jessica DaBell, Northern Arizona University
Challenges and Opportunities for Maintaining Ponderosa Pine Forests in the Southwestern U.S.
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Recent research in the southwestern U.S. about using silvicultural techniques (e.g., planting, thinning) and genetic selection to promote ponderosa pine regeneration in the future during projected increases in aridity is presented. Presented by Thomas Kolb, Northern Arizona University
Can Past Silvicultural Treatments Build Resistance and Resilience to a Spruce Beetle Epidemic?
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Consistent long-term management is one tool silviculturists can use to build resilience to the spruce beetle. It is most effective when the prescription focuses on creating conditions conducive for Engelmann spruce regeneration. Even with careful planning, supplemental planting may be required to establish spruce regeneration prior to an epidemic. Presented by Marcella Windmuller-Campione, Utah State University
Surviving Against the Odds: A Silvicultural Approach to Monterey Pine Regeneration and Pitch Canker
Open to view video.
Open to view video. A silvicultural field assessment using treated plots of planted Monterey pine seedlings was conducted to study the impacts pitch canker had on the seedlings, as there had been little research done. The study's findings will support management in stands globally to better predict seedling survival and resistance following an infection. Presented by Tori Norville, Cal Poly
2017
Site-level Factors Determining Post-fire Conifer Regeneration in Eastern Oregon
Open to view video.
Open to view video. We surveyed natural conifer regeneration in 180 transects 17-21 years post-fire across 8 fires in eastern Oregon’s Blue Mountains to determine the effects of fire legacy, topography, ecological interactions and post-fire local climate on seedling abundance. Our data suggests several recommendations for post-fire forest management in the Inland Northwest. Presented by Angela Boag, University of Colorado Boulder.
What Have We Learned from the Last Decade’s Research about Drought-induced Tree Mortality in the Southwest?
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Understanding of drought-induced tree mortality processes is needed to inform management efforts to sustain southwestern forests in the future. Major findings of recent research on tree-mortality processes in southwestern forests will be presented. Management implications will be discussed. Presented by Thomas Kolb, Northern Arizona University.
Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks Statewide Forest Management Plan
Open to view video.
Open to view video. This presentation will provide an overview of the forest management plan being developed by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks for approximately 150,000 acres of forested land across 36 state Wildlife Management Areas that are managed specifically for providing effective wildlife habitat. Presented by Jason Parke, Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks.
Black Bear Damage to Northwestern Conifers in California: A Review
Open to view video.
Open to view video. A total of 789 black bear damaged trees were investigated over a multi-year period on seven different study sites. The sites ranged from 30-50 years of age. Four different conifer species were found to have black bear damage. The total economic loss per acre will be presented. Presented by Kenneth Fulgham, Humboldt State, Forestry & Wildland Resources Department.
2018
Physiology and Growth of Redwood and Douglas-fir Seedlings Planted After Variable Density Retention
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Reforestation following timber harvests and natural disturbances is an important topic throughout much of the West. As stand-replacing disturbances such as drought-induced mortality and wildland fires spread across many western forests, a better understanding of the influences of stand structure on seedling physiology can foster more effective reforestation efforts. Moreover, as climate throughout the West is projected to become hotter and drier, it is important to investigate regeneration under xeric conditions, particularly for species restricted to mesic habitats. To study the influences of stand structure and climate on regeneration success, we monitored physiology and growth of planted coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings for two growing seasons following a variable density retention harvest in inland northern CA (Maple Creek, CA). To quantify water status, we measured water potential; to quantify physiological vigor, we measured stomatal conductance and mortality rate; and to quantify productivity, we measured basal diameter growth and aboveground/total biomass accumulation. Compared to seedlings in the high and moderate retention treatments, seedlings in the low retention treatment had the lowest water stress, highest physiological vigor, and greatest productivity. We also found that compared to Douglas-fir, redwood had less water stress, greater physiological vigor, and greater productivity. Overall, our study indicates that low retention silvicultural treatments can minimize water stress and maximize physiological vigor and productivity in regenerating seedlings. Our results also demonstrate that redwood, a species generally restricted to mesic coastal habitats, can successfully establish in xeric inland sites when planted following variable density retention treatments. Presented by Lucy Kerhoulas, Humboldt State University.
Response of Improved Western Larch Clones to Site Quality and Climate
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Many timber producing regions across North America have made substantial investments in tree improvement programs, including the Inland Northwest. These investments help increase quality wood production and maintain competitive timber markets in the US. Western larch is one of the most commercially valuable timber species in the Inland Northwest, yet little work has been conducted on testing improved genotypes. Our objective is to analyze morphological differences between improved clones of L. occidentalis seedlings when planted within various climate gradients and site conditions. Seedlings from seven half-sibling clones and one bulk orchard lot were grown at University of Idaho’s Franklin H. Pitkin Forest Nursery in 2017, and will be out-planted as two-year old seedlings in sites located throughout Northern Idaho in 2018. Soil samples will be collected within individual plots in order to determine overall soil fertility and changes in soil moisture over the growing season. Morphological growth data along with other microsite characteristics will also be collected post-planting and at the end of the growing season in September. The goal of this research is to determine which genotypes perform best under certain site conditions. Data from this experiment can be used by landowners to obtain a higher level of precision forest management, ultimately leading to increased yield and shorter rotation times. Presented by Kelsie Grover, University of Idaho.
2019
Conifer Retention Levels and Hardwood Control Affect Harvest Volume and Carbon Storage in Douglas-fir/Tanoak
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Forest management involves tradeoffs between conifer harvest intensity and carbon storage in live trees. Key questions are how to treat non-merchantable hardwoods, and how to generate revenues from conifer harvests and still maintain adequate growing stock. This is challenging where low conifer and high hardwood stockings prevail. We simulated forest growth and yield over a century of multiaged management in a mixed stand in northern California with pre-treatment basal area comprising 136 ft2 ac-1 (31 m2 ha-1) hardwood and 73 ft2 ac-1 (17 m2 ha-1) conifer. The dominant species were tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and coast Douglas-fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii var menziesii). Individual-tree selection was simulated for a wide range of conifer BA retention levels at 20-year harvest return intervals. Silvicultural prescriptions also promoted conifer dominance by only retaining a maximum 5 ft2 ac-1 (1.1 m2 ha-1) hardwood BA at each harvest. Alternatively, retaining 50% of hardwood BA at each harvest slowed the conversion to conifer dominance. Higher BA retention favored per-acre growth and storage of carbon in live trees. Cutting more heavily sacrificed per-acre wood volume growth, but sizeable early conifer harvests ensued. This led to more carbon storage in long-lived wood products that also generated greater harvest revenues. The FORSEE growth and yield model did not predict a positive residual conifer tree growth response to treatments that eliminated hardwoods, suggesting that it may not adequately simulate expected benefits of hardwood management. Our results support prescription design and forest planning because we provide board foot harvest volumes and tons. Presented by Pascal Berrill, University of Maine, at the 2019 SAF National Convention, Louisville, KY.
Diversity in Restored Western White Pine-Dominated Forests of the Northern Rocky Mountains
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Moist forests of the northern Rocky Mountains cover 2.4 million hectares in the US and Canada and are one of the most diverse conifer forests in the world. These volcanic-ash-capped forests were once dominated by western white pine (WWP), an early-successional species. The introduction of white pine blister rust and extensive harvesting during the 20th century decimated WWP, shifting composition across the landscape to late-successional species. An active breeding program for blister rust resistance has successfully produced disease-resistant genotypes that are deployed across the region for both restoration of ecosystems and wood production. Since no mature white pine-dominated forests remain as reference, we lack knowledge of vegetation diversity in white pine stands and if current forests have departed from reference conditions. Our objective is to examine understory floristic diversity of restored western pine stands in relation to canopy characteristics and overstory species composition across the Northern Rockies. We selected stands restored with white pine prior to 1991 and similar aged unrestored stands on federal and private forest land. Understory vegetation was measured to the species level followed by measurements of tree structure and composition, and canopy openness. Initial results show high diversity of species that thrive under moderate light conditions in white pine stands compared to unrestored stands with much lower diversity. Results will be used by forest managers to assess the effects of western white pine restoration on vegetation community diversity and also help direct future management efforts to reintroduce this iconic species into the forests of the region. Presented by Brooke Durnin, University of Idaho, at the 2019 SAF National Convention, Louisville, KY.
Shifts in Douglas-fir Vertical Distribution of Foliage in Response to Nitrogen Fertilization in Western Oregon
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a commonly applied silvicultural treatment in intensively managed Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] plantations. Field trials were established in a randomized complete block design by Stimson Lumber Company (Gaston, Oregon), to test the economic viability of N fertilization on their ownership, and to better understand Douglas-fir growth responses. Branch-level foliage mass equations were developed from 269 branches sampled from the even-aged Douglas-fir plantations making up these trials. These equations were applied to 40 trees on which the basal diameter and height of all live branches were measured, allowing estimation of both the total amount of foliage and its vertical distribution. A right-truncated Weibull distribution was fitted to data, with the truncation point specified as the base of live tree crown. The resulting tree-level parameter estimates were modelled as functions of tree-level variables. Extrinsic, stand-level factors not explicitly measured were captured through the use of linear and nonlinear mixed-effects models. Fertilization resulted in more total crown foliage mass in the middle crown-third. Patterns in the vertical distribution of foliage indicated fertilization caused a shift downward, which provides implications on further crown development and photosynthetic capacity. Defining the morphological responses to N fertilization provide the framework for studying the influences on stand dynamics, which would ultimately facilitate improved site-specific predictions of stem-volume growth. Presented by Jacob Putney, Oregon State University, at the 2019 SAF National Convention, Louisville, KY.
2020
Investigating Provenance Variation of Drought Adaptive Traits in Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Using Common Garden Studies
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Ponderosa pine forests of the southwestern US are threatened by climate change. Deforestation and drought-related tree mortality have already started in these forests and will intensify over the next century as atmospheric temperature and drought severity increase. We are conducting greenhouse and field common garden studies to investigate genetic variations in growth, drought-adapted structural and physiological traits, and survival in ponderosa pines sampled from 21 provenances located across Arizona and New Mexico over elevational and environmental gradients. The objectives of the study are to 1) identify ponderosa pine populations in the southwestern US most suitable for future reforestation projects in increasingly arid conditions; and 2) investigate which traits in ponderosa pine are most strongly associated with genetic adaptation to dry and warm conditions. The greenhouse study was conducted at the Northern Arizona University Greenhouse Facility in Flagstaff, Arizona. The common gardens were established across the thermal range of ponderosa pine in July 2018 at a hot edge site at elevation 1930 m and Mean Annual Temperature (MAT) 9.7 C; the range core site at elevation 2200 m and MAT 7.6 C; and the cold edge site at elevation 2700 m and MAT 4.9 C. Fall 2019 survival was ~45% at cold edge site; ~60% at core site and 0% at hot edge site. At the hot edge site, seedlings from low elevation provenances survived longer than those from high elevation provenances. Results from greenhouse experiments showed that provenances from low elevations in the western and drier areas of ponderosa pine's range in the southwest have traits such as lower specific leaf area and lower shoot/root ratio, suggesting greater drought tolerance than high elevation provenances in the eastern and moister areas of the range. We are currently investigating the mechanisms for this difference in drought tolerance between low and high elevation provenances. Presented by Aalap Dixit, School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University at the 2020 SAF Virtual Convention.
2021
Impacts of Forest Disturbance on Evapotranspiration and Source Water Appropriation in a Coastal Montane Forest
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Understanding the relationship between evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow in forested watersheds is essential for understanding how catchments store and release water. It is also critical to understand these relationships to project how streams and trees may respond to disturbance events. However, in many regions it remains uncertain how disturbance events impact ET of the remaining vegetation. Here, we used a combined mass balance and dual water isotope approach to investigate the impacts of a range of disturbance intensities on ET and plant source water appropriation. We used sap-flow data and stable water isotope samples (δ2H/δ18O) from coast redwood trees sampled pre- and post-harvest at 0%, 35%, 55%, and 75% removal of pre-treatment vegetation. Our goal was to understand if decreasing competition increases plant water use and if the disturbance alters the source water used by the vegetation. We anticipated that the remaining trees in high-disturbance scenarios would increase their water use following the disturbance event. We also anticipated that these trees would shift their source water to more shallow soils, due to increased shallow soil water availability as a result of decreased stand-level ET. Our results will help elucidate the ecohydrological mechanisms by which disturbance influences water cycling within forested catchments. Presented by Salli Dymond from University of Minnesota Duluth, UMN Institute on the Environment at the 2021 SAF National Virtual Convention.
Aspen Decline in Northern Arizona: What Is Limiting Successful Regeneration and Recruitment?
Open to view video.
Open to view video. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is in decline throughout the western US, which is concerning because of the species’ high conservation value. Aspen is a keystone species in the conifer-dominated western US, where it provides critical habitat for a wide array of plants, animals, and invertebrates and makes a disproportionately large contribution to biodiversity. Aspen also provides revenue via hunting, tourism, and recreation and has cultural and aesthetic value as an iconic tree species of the American West. Aspen decline is particularly pronounced on the southwestern edge of the species’ range in Arizona, where there is a lack of successful regeneration and recruitment beneath declining overstory trees. Previous research on aspen decline in Arizona has focused on the factors that contribute to overstory tree mortality, while relatively few studies have assessed which factors affect regeneration and recruitment. Drought is hypothesized to be the main driver of aspen decline, and other contributing factors include ungulate browse, conifer encroachment, fire suppression, and insects and diseases. The emergence of an invasive insect, oystershell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi), threatens to further escalate decline by causing acute mortality of aspen. Using observational data collected in monitoring plots located throughout northern Arizona, we address the following question: Which biotic and abiotic factors are limiting successful aspen regeneration and recruitment? We present preliminary results on the abundance and health of regenerating and recruiting stems in northern Arizona. We also discuss the relative importance of a wide range of factors that may influence regeneration and recruitment, including site factors (e.g., elevation and aspect), management strategies, fire history, condition of overstory aspen, conifer encroachment, presence of insects and diseases, and severity of oystershell scale. Presented by Connor Crouch from Northern Arizona University at the 2021 SAF National Virtual Convention.
2022
Dendroclimatic Analysis of Sierra Nevada Mixed Conifer Species in Different Diameter Classes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  28 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  28 minutes The use of dendroclimatology to assess how mixed conifer species in the Sierra Nevada responded to past climate is a key methodological approach that can be used to infer how trees may respond to a future changing climate. This study contrasts the climatic response of species in different diameter classes. Presented by Sophan Chhin, West Virginia University at the 2022 SAF National Convention in Baltimore, MD.
Intraspecific Roots Trait Variability of Western Larch (Larix occidentalis) Seedlings in Response to Drought
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  22 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  22 minutes We examined roots in western larch seedlings in relation to drought intensity among different provenances. We sampled various roots traits monthly to understand the effect of drought on roots. At the end of the experiment, drought intensity was the only significant factor influencing roots traits. Presented by Vovener de Verlands Edmond, University of Idaho at the 2022 SAF National Convention in Baltimore, MD.
Burn Severity in Mexican Spotted Owl PACs and Potential Habitat across the American Southwest
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  26 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  26 minutes The increasing frequency and extent of high-severity wildfires is a growing threat to Mexican spotted owls. Our research shows burn severity trends within Mexican spotted owl PACs and compares it to modeled potential Mexican spotted owl habitat to provide land and wildlife managers with additional tools for their decision process. Presented by Michael Daugherty, Northern Arizona University at the 2022 SAF National Convention in Baltimore, MD.
Facilitating Artificial Regeneration of Hemiparasitic ʻIliahi, Hawaiian Sandalwood (Santalum paniculatum)
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  23 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  23 minutes Santalum (sandalwood) species are ecologically distinct as evergreen, hemiparasitic trees. We studied reforestation with the endemic Santalum paniculatum (‘iliahi) as part of a novel Hawaiian silvicultural system. Our results demonstrate that establishment and early growth of reforested ‘iliahi are affected by host species and planting distance. Presented by Emily Thyroff, University of Hawai'i at Månoa at the 2022 SAF National Convention in Baltimore, MD.
2023
Monitoring Targets and Triggers: North Yuba CFLRP
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  17 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  17 minutes The North Yuba Forest Partnership CFLRP is the largest forest resilience project in the USFS Region 5. We will describe how we set monitoring targets and triggers for adaptive management based on science. With large funding and ambitious implementation there is a clear need to monitor the impacts. Presented by Kristen Wilson, The Nature Conservancy, Worldwide Office - CA at the 2023 SAF National Convention in Sacramento, CA.
Got Seeds? Strengthening the Reforestation Pipeline in the Western United States
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  31 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  31 minutes It all starts with seed! This presentation will focus on the past, present, and future of seed collection in the western US on a path to scaling reforestation. Presented by Matthew Aghai, Mast Reforestation - Seattle, WA at the 2023 SAF National Convention in Sacramento, CA.
Protecting Beaver and Restoring Wetlands: The Ksik Stakii Project
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  26 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  26 minutes The Ksik Stakii (Beaver) Project bridges Western Sciences and Traditional Ecological Knowledge through place based knowledge by utilizing a beaver mimicry restoration technique that involved building beaver dam analogs to “create floodplains that improve water quality, enhance habitat for birds, and reduce the risk of flood damage to man-made structures. Presented by Joshua Smith, Heritage Forestry and Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation; and Termaine Edmo, Blackfeet Environmental Office at the 2023 SAF National Convention in Sacramento, CA.
Utilizing FVS Growth Predictions for Restoration and Management of California Forests
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  22 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin.  |  22 minutes We leveraged 20 years of data from the Garden of Eden experimental plots in Northern California to evaluate FVS's ability to predict growth. We created a simple workflow for managers utilizing FVS growth predictions, both for ecological reforestation without intensive management and for reforestation using competing vegetation control. Presented by Katherine Wood, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the 2023 SAF National Convention in Sacramento, CA.