SAF Learning
Fire & Fuels Management Bundle
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Enjoy this curated set of on-demand presentations that focus on fire and fuels management. This bundle will be updated as new content becomes available.
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Presentations
2016
Building a Fire Program That Can Shape Ecosystems: Reflections on Twenty Years of Building a Fire Program - Steven Miller, St Johns River Water Management District
Efficacy of Resource Objective Wildfires for Restoring Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems of Northern Arizona - David Huffman; Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University
Moderate to High-severity Wildfires Shift Stand Composition in the Southern Cascades, California - Kathryn R. Kidd, Stephen F. Austin State University
Regeneration Dynamics Following Fuels Treatments in a Lower Montane Forest - Seth Ex, Colorado State University
Smoldering Combustion in Forest Floor Duff: A Restoration Challenge - Jesse Kreye, Virginia Tech
Wildfire Impacts on California Spotted Owl Nesting Habitat in the Sierra Nevada - Scott Stephens, ESPM Department
2017
Getting Started with Wildfire and Values at Risk Assessment for the Rio Grande - Steven Bassett, The Nature Conservancy
Preparing for Future Fire: Governance Change in the Alaska Wildland Fire Management System - Tait Rutherford, Colorado State University
Probability of Wildfire Occurrences and Its Effect on Carbon Sequestration Efforts in the United States - Raju Pokharel; College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho
Wildfire Management, Cost, and Burn Severity in the Southwest Since 2012 - Zander Evans, Forest Stewards Guild
Wildland Fire Shelter Improvement Research - Joseph Roise, North Carolina State University
2018
Accumulated Forest Floor Fuels Instigate Long-Duration Soil Heating During Burning in Longleaf Pine Forests - Jesse Kreye, Penn State University
An Assessment of the Economic Impacts of Select Colorado Wildfires - Kurt Mackes, Colorado State University
LiDAR Combined with Landsat Increases the Accuracy and Resolution of Landscape-scale Estimates of Fire Effects - Michael Hoe, SCS Global Services
Managing Human Influenced Fire Regimes on the Washington Coastline - David Cass, Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission
Predicting Time since Fire from Landscape Level Variables within the Boreal Forest of Alaska: A Spatial Tobit - Brian Young, Landmark College
To Insure or Not to Insure? Factors Affecting Insurance Options for Prescribed Burning Practitioners in the US - Rajan Parajuli, North Carolina State University
2019
Prescribed Fire Effects on Timber Values in Oak Forests - Joseph Marschall, Oak Woodlands & Forests Fire Consortium
Quantitative Fuel Treatment Prioritization: Using Big Data to Save Homes - Kevin Vogler, Pyrologix LLC
2020
Evaluating Wounding and Tree Quality Effects of Prescribed Fire in the Central Hardwood Region - David Mann, Purdue University
2023
Cross Boundary Partnerships After the Fire: Restoration Research, Carbon Modeling, Reforestation Implementation, and Workforce Capacity Building - Elizabeth Pansing, Brian Morris, Kendall DeLyser; American Forests
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Building a Fire Program That Can Shape Ecosystems: Reflections on Twenty Years of Building a Fire Program
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
Effective land management in Florida requires an effective fire management program. Fire management in Florida can be challenging because of the rapid population growth and the expansion of the wildland urban interface. This is one agencies story about building a fire program over the past two decades. Presented by Steven Miller, St Johns River Water Management District at the 2016 SAF National Convention in Madison, WI.
Efficacy of Resource Objective Wildfires for Restoring Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems of Northern Arizona
Open to view video. | 30 minutes
Open to view video. | 30 minutes
We evaluated 10 large resource objective wildfires in northern Arizona for their efficacy in meeting ecological restoration objectives. Fire landscapes were comprised mainly of areas classified as unburned/low and low burn severity. Moderate burn severity met more restoration objectives than other severity classes. Implications of these findings will be discussed. Presented by David Huffman, Ecological Restoration Institute, Northern Arizona University at the 2016 SAF National Convention in Madison, WI.
Moderate to High-severity Wildfires Shift Stand Composition in the Southern Cascades, California
Open to view video. | 25 minutes
Open to view video. | 25 minutes
Following two large wildfires in the southern Cascades, we illustrate initial shifts toward more-fire adapted species in the mid- and overstory strata. Our results suggests that with return to shorter intervals between low to moderate fires, historical oak woodland and oak-pine forests could regain dominance across this historically fire-prone landscape. Presented by Kathryn R. Kidd, Stephen F. Austin State University at the 2016 SAF National Convention in Madison, WI.
Regeneration Dynamics Following Fuels Treatments in a Lower Montane Forest, Colorado, USA
Open to view video. | 27 minutes
Open to view video. | 27 minutes
This study investigated factors affecting regeneration dynamics following fire hazard reduction treatments in mixed conifer stands on Colorado’s Front Range. Tree regeneration density was 3-4 times greater on north aspects than on south aspects, and Douglas-fir regeneration density was linearly related to the proportion of this species in the overstory. Presented by Seth Ex, Colorado State University at the 2016 SAF National Convention in Madison, WI.
Smoldering Combustion in Forest Floor Duff: A Restoration Challenge
Open to view video. | 26 minutes
Open to view video. | 26 minutes
Smoldering combustion of forest floor duff has been linked to overstory pine mortality. Spatial variablity of duff characteristics and the presence of cones may attribute to heterogenous patterns of duff consumption. The propensity for duff to ignite and smolder at the base of pines, however, may be an important pattern for understanding overstory mortality. Presented by Jesse Kreye, Virginia Tech at the 2016 SAF National Convention in Madison, WI.
Wildfire Impacts on California Spotted Owl Nesting Habitat in the Sierra Nevada
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
85,046 ha of California spotted owl potential nesting habitat were burned resulting in ≥50% BA mortality, reducing canopy cover on average. Presented by Scott Stephens, ESPM Department at the 2016 SAF National Convention in Madison, WI.
Getting Started with Wildfire and Values at Risk Assessment for the Rio Grande
Open to view video. | 12 minutes
Open to view video. | 12 minutes
While forest restoration and fuels reduction treatments are known to reduce the risk of damaging wildfires, limited resources and diverse stakeholder priorities complicate the strategic implementation of treatments. A collaborative, multi-stakeholder fire risk assessment can enable project prioritization while also building consensus on the need for forest restoration. Presented by Steven Bassett, The Nature Conservancy at the 2017 SAF National Convention in Albuquerque, NM.
Preparing for Future Fire: Governance Change in the Alaska Wildland Fire Management System
Open to view video. | 28 minutes
Open to view video. | 28 minutes
Climate change is causing intensification of wildland fire. This project explores how fire management agencies in Alaska will respond to this challenge. Using interviews, we identified future management options and pathways to achieve policy change. We applied adaptive governance theory to managers' narratives to understand this process. Presented by Tait Rutherford, Colorado State University at the 2017 SAF National Convention in Albuquerque, NM.
Probability of Wildfire Occurrences and Its Effect on Carbon Sequestration Efforts in the United States
Open to view video. | 28 minutes
Open to view video. | 28 minutes
This study determines the likelihood that a fire will occur using climate and FIA re-measurements data, then integrate this model into a spatially explicit economic model of U.S. forest product markets to capture carbon loss due to fire for varying scenarios of macroeconomic outlook, harvest levels, and future climate. Presented by Raju Pokharel, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho at the 2017 SAF National Convention in Albuquerque, NM.
Wildfire Management, Cost, and Burn Severity in the Southwest Since 2012
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
This presentation summarizes vegetation type, canopy mortality, soil burn severity, proximity to development, reburn patterns, and cost data for the largest fires in the Southwest from 2012 to 2017, some of which were managed under a full suppression strategy while others were managed with point protection or containment strategies. Presented by Zander Evans, Forest Stewards Guild at the 2017 SAF National Convention in Albuquerque, NM.
Wildland Fire Shelter Improvement Research
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
Open to view video. | 31 minutes
Report on performance of advanced heat resistant fabric for wildland fire shelters. Bench test results of material combinations. Constructed shelters using best combinations followed by in laboratory testing. The best of those prototypes were field tested in wildland fire environments next to current shelters. Presented by Joseph Roise, North Carolina State University at the 2017 SAF National Convention in Albuquerque, NM.
Accumulated Forest Floor Fuels Instigate Long-Duration Soil Heating During Burning in Longleaf Pine Forests
Open to view video. | 8 minutes
Open to view video. | 8 minutes
Prescribed fire is widely used in southeastern USA pine ecosystems, yet resultant soil heating is little understood. Ecological impacts that may ensue because of prolonged elevated temperatures are important considerations for prescribed burn planning. This is especially critical in restoration efforts aimed at returning fire to long-unburned forests where forest floor fuels have accumulated. We examined soil temperatures in both frequently burned and fire-excluded longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) flatwoods and sandhill ecosystems in north Florida, USA. Elevated temperatures and durations of lethal heating were most pronounced at the base of mature longleaf pines in fire-excluded sites where prolonged smoldering occurred in basal accumulations of organic duff (Oe and Oa horizons). In frequently burned sites, however, where flashy fuels burned quickly, little soil heating was detected. Results highlight the propensity for smoldering-induced soil heating and the challenges of restoring fire to long-unburned coniferous forests. Presented by Jesse Kreye, Penn State University at the 2018 SAF National Convention in Portland, OR.
An Assessment of the Economic Impacts of Select Colorado Wildfires
Open to view video. | 10 minutes
Open to view video. | 10 minutes
With increasing frequency of extreme drought conditions and high forest fuel loads, Colorado remains at risk to burn at high intensity, as it has in previous decades. This study reviews the 2002 Hayman Fire, 2013 Black Forest Fire and 2013 West Fork Complex Fire with the objective of identifying the true costs of these wildfires and the factors that contribute to those costs, many of which are related to human dimensions. The purpose of this study is to determine actual costs of these select Colorado wildfires, providing a sound basis for future policy-making and development of community wildfire plans. Our research evaluates the costs of these three fires, the factors that contribute to those cost, and how the fire costs may vary by forest and land use type. This presentation will influence public perceptions about wildfire by demonstrating the true costs of such an event in hopes of informing responsible restoration in the wildland urban interface. Presented by Kurt Mackes, Colorado State University at the 2018 SAF National Convention in Portland, OR.
LiDAR Combined with Landsat Increases the Accuracy and Resolution of Landscape-scale Estimates of Fire Effects
Open to view video. | 22 minutes
Open to view video. | 22 minutes
Landsat-based fire severity maps have limited ecological resolution that can hinder assessments of change to specific resources. Therefore, we evaluated the use of pre- and post-fire LiDAR, and combined LiDAR with Landsat-based (RdNBR) estimates, to increase the accuracy and resolution of basal area mortality. We vertically segmented point clouds and performed model selection on spectral and spatial pre- and post-fire LiDAR metrics and their absolute differences. Our top multi-temporal LiDAR model included change in mean intensity values 2-10 m aboveground, the proportion of canopy reflection sum above 10 m, and differences in maximum height. This model reduced root mean squared error (RMSE) and root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE) by 39% and 37%, and bias by 58%. Our top combined model integrated RdNBR with LiDAR return proportions < 2 m aboveground, pre-fire 95% 31 heights and pre-fire return proportions < 2 m aboveground. This model reduced RMSE and RMSPE by 38% and 34%, and bias by 75%. Our results confirm that 3-dimensional spectral and spatial information from multi-temporal LiDAR can isolate disturbance effects on specific ecological resources with higher accuracy and ecological resolution than Landsat-based estimates, offering a new frontier in landscape scale estimates of fire effects. Presented by Michael Hoe, SCS Global Services at the 2018 SAF National Convention in Portland, OR.
Managing Human Influenced Fire Regimes on the Washington Coastline.
Open to view video. | 10 minutes
Open to view video. | 10 minutes
Averaging 76 inches of precipitation annually, the Long Beach Peninsula did not historically experience frequent wildfires. However, in the past 200 years the 28 mile long peninsula has undergone dramatic changes. Introduction of two non-native species of beachgrass for dune stabilization, Amophila arenaria and Amophila breviligulata, has fundamentally changed fuel loads and fire behavior increasing fine fuel loads and the development of a new dense young forest cover. Strong coastal winds can dry out these fine fuels at any time of year. High density beachfront development significantly elevates risk such that a small wildfire can threaten dozens of homes. The Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission owns much of the interface lands between development and the ocean where many of these fires ignite. In 2016 WA State Parks began working in collaboration with local fire officials developed a prescription to reduce fire risk by removing wildfire fuels on State Parks property around 137 homes and businesses to create "defensible space”. Wildfire risk assessment techniques show a significant reduction in surface fire risk resulting from the treatments applied and a need to better address crown fire risk through mechanized treatments. WA State Parks is in a position to broadly address wildfire risk on our lands and help reduce risk to hundreds of our neighbors. Future approaches include additional on-the-ground treatments as well as collaboration with local government and state wildfire officials to recognize, assess, and address this novel human-influenced wildfire regime. Presented by David Cass, Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission at the 2018 SAF National Convention in Portland, OR.
Predicting Time since Fire from Landscape Level Variables within the Boreal Forest of Alaska: A Spatial Tobit
Open to view video. | 8 minutes
Open to view video. | 8 minutes
Wildfire is both a naturally and anthropogenically produced disturbance which plays an important role in the development of the boreal forest. The boreal forest currently experiences frequent, stand-replacing fires which typically result in stands dominated by a single cohort of a limited number of tree species which establish simultaneously after fire but, differ in their growth rates. Substantial modeling and empirical evidence suggests that wildfire within the boreal forest of western North America is likely to increase in extent and severity with climate change. Therefore, a clear understanding of the present state of the entire forested area is crucial so that future change may be assessed. The environmental factors controlling the spatial heterogeneity of time since fire are numerous and vary from one ecosystem to another and between spatial scales. Large areas of Alaska are very difficult to access therefore; there is a need for advanced approaches to mapping. Here we investigate a predictive modeling approach that uses publicly available data and environmental variables to predict the time since fire for the interior forest of Alaska. Presented by Brian Young, Landmark College at the 2018 SAF National Convention in Portland, OR.
To Insure or Not to Insure? Factors Affecting Insurance Options for Prescribed Burning Practitioners in the US
Open to view video. | 21 minutes
Open to view video. | 21 minutes
Prescribed burning is one of the most desirable and cost-effective land management tools which can substantially reduce the likelihood of wildfires and other detrimental ecological effects. Prescribed fire in unexpected conditions, however, could be severely destructive causing property damage, injuries, and even human casualties. The insurance coverage for inadvertent damages while conducting a prescribed burn is relatively new to the insurance market. In order to understand the propensity of prescribed burners to purchase insurance coverage, we conducted a region-wide survey of prescribed burn practitioners in 13 southern and mid-western states. The results from logistic regression suggest that prescribed burn practitioners are much more likely to obtain the insurance if they are landowners themselves or they have a written prescribed burn plan. Among demographic attributes, age had a positive and significant impact in decision to obtain an insurance coverage. Similarly, respondents who valued compliance with environmental laws and regulations and following multiple objectives in the burn plans as important influencing factors in conducting and planning prescribed burning highly likely purchase insurance coverage. These results would provide useful insights for extending the prescribed fire insurance program in the U.S. Presented by Rajan Parajuli, North Carolina State University at the 2018 SAF National Convention in Portland, OR.
Prescribed Fire Effects on Timber Values in Oak Forests
Open to view video. | 25 minutes
Open to view video. | 25 minutes
Fire is increasingly applied as a land management tool toward achieving multiple objectives in eastern North American oak (Quercus) forests, including for natural community restoration, hazardous fuel reduction, and multiple silvicultural objectives. Coincidentally, land management agencies are increasingly applying fire at landscape-level scales (e.g., burn units > 1,000 acres), resulting in prescribed fire more often burning across ecological boundaries, including into stands of merchantable timber. Currently there is much debate as to whether prescribed fire management for forest community restoration and managing for timber products are mutually exclusive practices. There is a need for improved understanding regarding how prescribed fire affects timber product values in areas containing merchantable sized trees, and the potential effects of long-term burning on stocking levels and species composition.
This presentation will synthesize findings from multiple recent studies from oak forests in the Midwestern U.S. which assess fire effects on timber values, in terms of losses due to reduced stocking levels, altered species composition, and changes in lumber grade and volume tracked on recovered lumber from fire-damaged trees. Presented by Joseph Marschall, Oak Woodlands & Forests Fire Consortium, at the 2019 SAF National Convention, Louisville, KY.
Quantitative Fuel Treatment Prioritization: Using Big Data to Save Homes
Open to view video. | 28 minutes
Open to view video. | 28 minutes
The development of fuel treatment projects designed to mitigate the impacts of wildfires is a complex process that requires the balancing of competing management objectives with limited financial and operational resources. Additional risk-based analytical tools may help land managers develop effective projects and provide information that can help inform stakeholders of the benefits and limitations of fuel projects. In this presentation, we present a pilot study of the greater Bend, Oregon region within the analysis area of the larger USFS Region 6 Quantitative Wildfire Risk Assessment. We investigated the role that fuel treatments could play in reducing wildfire loss to homes and critical infrastructure, as well as what role, if any, treatments could play in altering landscape level burning patterns. We introduce a novel methodology that allows land managers to identify and prioritize fuel treatment opportunities, analyze potential treatment effectiveness, and investigate the cumulative impact of varying treatment strategies at increasing levels of implementation. Presented by Kevin Vogler, Pyrologix LLC, at the 2019 SAF National Convention, Louisville, KY.
Evaluating Wounding and Tree Quality Effects of Prescribed Fire in the Central Hardwood Region
Open to view video. | 26 minutes
Open to view video. | 26 minutes
Prescribed fire is commonly used by public land managers in eastern North America’s oak-dominated (Quercus spp.) forests, but concerns about wounding standing trees and damaging timber value have been a barrier to fire’s use on industrial and private lands. We quantified fire-caused wounds in 139 oak-dominated stands across the Mark Twain (MTNF), Hoosier (HNF), Wayne (WNF), and Daniel Boone (DBNF) National Forests, each with a history of 0-6 prescribed fires within the last 30 years. In each stand, overstory (>25.4 cm DBH) trees were measured (n=8,093) and all wounds related to prescribed fire were categorized by type and measured. Trees were graded both ignoring the effects of prescribed fire, and accounting for the effects of prescribed fire, to detect reduction in tree quality. At a stand level, approximately 25% of all trees sampled had at least one wound associated with fire, and just over 5% of trees in the study exhibited a reduction in United States Forest Service tree grade from prescribed fire. The number of prescribed fires on a site had a significant linear effect on the likelihood of wounding, with stands receiving more prescribed burns generally having higher rates of wounding and rates of tree quality reduction. Effects of fire were variable across species, with white oak (Quercus alba) exhibiting grade reduction associated with fire at a lower rate than other species. Wounding patterns varied significantly across the region, with much higher wounding rates in HNF and MTNF as compared to WNF and DBNF. All wounds (n=3,403) were categorized by wound type (catface, seam, bark slough, and basal flutes). On average, catfaces were both the most common wound type (n=1,106) and were responsible for more volume loss than other wound types. Seams and bark slough were also very common, but on average accounted for less volume loss. Presented by David Mann, Purdue University at the 2020 SAF Virtual Convention.
Cross Boundary Partnerships After the Fire: Restoration Research, Carbon Modeling, Reforestation Implementation, and Workforce Capacity Building
Select the "View Video" button to begin. | 75 minutes
Select the "View Video" button to begin. | 75 minutes
Collaborative development of restoration and management strategies is integral to assess needs across large landscapes, generate stakeholder buy-in, foster partnership development and growth, support cross-jurisdictional implementation, and scale workforce development to address the large need across western forests. Here, we present a collaborative all-lands approach to post-fire restoration planning. A three-presentation session containing the presentations "Landscape-Scale, Cross-Jurisdictional Assessment of the Post-Fire Restoration Need in Klamath and Lake Counties, Oregon", "Partnerships After the Strategy: South-Central Oregon Post Fire Resilience Strategy Development and Implementation Lessons Learned", and "Modeling the Carbon Impacts of Forest Management, Wood Utilization, and Wildfire in California and Oregon" presented by Elizabeth Pansing, Brian Morris, and Kendall DeLyser of American Forests at the 2023 SAF National Convention.